Hystary

The killings, the broadcasts, the Constitution, the American comparison and the question of whether life imprisonment was proportionate Few political controversies in modern Nigeria have generated as much emotion, disagreement and competing versions of history as the rise of Nnamdi Kanu and the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). To his supporters, Kanu became the voice of a people who believed they had been politically marginalized, economically disadvantaged and historically wronged. To his critics and the Nigerian government, he became the leader of a separatist movement whose rhetoric eventually crossed into incitement and whose followers were associated with attacks on security personnel, civilians and public institutions. Between those two narratives lies a far more complicated reality. There were peaceful Biafran activists. There were violent confrontations. There were killings by security forces. There were killings attributed to IPOB and, later, the Eastern Security Network (E...

Photo credit: Commonwealth Secretariat, Nigeria Elections 2019 |  https://www.flickr.com/photos/comsec/47206819721/in/photostream/ Democracy, in its most familiar form—"one person, one vote"—rests on an intuitive appeal. It feels fair. Yet mathematicians and social choice theorists have spent decades demonstrating that this intuition is mathematically flawed. The claim that "democracy is impossible" is not a political opinion but a formal theorem. The claim that plurality voting—the system used in the United States and many other countries—is among the worst is also grounded in rigorous mathematical analysis. This article surveys the mathematical case against conventional democracy, reviews the empirical evidence on voting system performance, and examines mathematically superior alternatives. Arrow's Impossibility Theorem and Its Implications. The Core Problem.  The foundational argument that no voting system can be "perfect" was established by economi...